مروری نظامدار بر مفهوم منش‌های اخلاقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی - دانشگاه شیراز

2 گروه روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

10.22081/jare.2023.65562.1794

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر که با هدف بررسی و تشریح تلاش­های صورت‌گرفته در زمینۀ مفهوم­سازی منش اخلاقی انجام شد، مروری نظام‌دار است که با استفاده از روش مرور کتابخانه‌ای انجام شد. برای انجام پژوهش، کلیدواژه­های فارسی و انگلیسی منش اخلاقی، اخلاق و فضیلت­های منش در پایگاه­های شناخته‌شده در بازۀ زمانی سال‌های 1970 تا 2023 جستجو و 38 مقاله استخراج شد. بر اساس معیارهای میزان ارتباط با موضوع پژوهش و اعتبار نویسندگان و مجلات منتشرکننده، 32 مقاله انتخاب گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد در سال‌های اخیر، روان‌شناسان اخلاق برای پیش‌بینی رفتار اخلاقی به بررسی آن دسته از صفات شخصیتی می‌پردازند که با رفتار اخلاقی مرتبط هستند. در پی جهت‌گیری اخیر، مدل‌های مختلفی با عناوین متفاوت اما با مضمون مشابه منش‌های اخلاقی پدید آمده است. از بین مدل‌های منش‌ اخلاقی به نظر می‌رسد مدل سه‌مؤلفه­ای کوهن و همکاران (2014) که منش اخلاقی را در قالب ساختاری چندوجهی شامل مؤلفه‌های انگیزشی، توانایی و هویتی مفهوم‌سازی می‌کند، در تعیین و مفهوم‌سازی مؤلفه‌ها و مکانیسم‌های تشکیل‌دهندۀ منش اخلاقی از جامعیت بیشتری برخوردار است. یافته‌های این پژوهش می­تواند هم به‌لحاظ نظری و هم کاربردی مؤثر واقع گردد. از جنبۀ نظری، پیشایندهای شخصیتی رفتار اخلاقی و غیراخلاقی تفسیر شده است. همچنین از نظر کاربردی، این یافته­ها می­تواند در ارزیابی منش اخلاقی، یاری­بخش روان­شناسان علاقه­مند به این حیطه باشد. علاوه بر آن، یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند در تعیین ملاک‌های مناسب هنگام گزینش و جذب نیرو در سازمان‌ها مؤثر باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Systematic Review of the Concept of Moral Characters

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen arbezi 1
  • Masuad FazilatPour 2
1 Psychology departeman, Shiraz University
2 Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The present research, which was conducted with the aim of investigating and explaining the efforts made in the field of conceptualization of moral character; It is a systematic review that was done using the library review method. To carry out the research, Farsi and English keywords of moral character, ethics, and character virtues were searched in well-known databases from 1970 to 2023, and 38 articles were extracted. Thirty-two articles were selected based on the criteria of the degree of connection with the research topic, the credibility of the authors, and the publishing journal, and the rest were discarded. The findings showed that moral psychologists had examined personality traits related to moral behavior in recent years to predict moral behavior. Following the recent orientations, various models have emerged under different titles but with the same theme of moral character. Among the models of moral character, the three-component model of Cohen and colleagues (2014) seems to be the one that conceptualizes moral character in the form of a multifaceted structure, including motivational, ability and identity components; it should be more comprehensive in determining and conceptualizing the constituent components and mechanisms of an ethical character. The findings of this study research can be effective both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the personality antecedents of ethical and unethical behavior have been interpreted. In addition, from the practical point of view, these findings can help psychologists interested in this field to evaluate moral character. In addition, the present research findings can effectively determine the appropriate criteria during the selection and recruitment of organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ethics
  • moral character
  • character virtues
  • personality antecedents
  • moral psychology

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فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی
دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 70
اولین شماره علمی پژوهشی فصلنامه مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی
اسفند 1401
صفحه 37-73

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 اردیبهشت 1402

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